Ziming Wen
ABSTRACT
This study explores the subway systems of two major cities—San Francisco and Tokyo—focusing on their economic, cultural, and social impacts. Using data science approaches, this article analyzed the ridership patterns, operational efficiency, and societal roles of these subway systems. Tokyo, with a daily ridership of nearly 10 million passengers, is known for its punctuality and cultural discipline, contributing 3.2% to the city’s GDP. In contrast, San Francisco’s BART, though smaller, plays a vital role in connecting the Bay Area’s population, saving the region approximately $7.8 billion annually in reduced congestion and improved productivity. Both systems, despite their cultural differences, demonstrate the critical role that subways play in reducing environmental impact and supporting urban economic growth. By comparing these two cities, this study aims to uncover broader patterns and insights into how subway systems contribute to urban development, sustainability, and public welfare. The findings highlight the importance of continuous investment and innovation in public transportation to accommodate growing urban populations and maintain efficient, sustainable transit networks.
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